Pascagoula River Birding

Porzana carolina. Pascagoula River, Jackson County, Florida. October 2014. Nikon D3000.

In part of my flashback series for this month, I searched through all my photos for the month of October and selected one from each month to post to my blogs. This one was taken October 11, 2014 during a Saturday outing with my Ecology class. I managed to do it again last year as a faculty member and then again today (October 8, 2016). Every time I've gone, we've seen at least one of these little delights. The sora rail is a secretive little marsh-dweller, and I am inordinately fond of all wetlanders.

A Rare Treat at Johnson Beach

Field Notes from November 15, 2015

Provided I can get enough of my grad schoolwork and housework done on Saturday, I sometimes spend a lazy Sunday afternoon birdwatching. Of course, if the opportunity arrises, I can't help but do a little herping and bugging to the side.
There were patchy clouds in the sky and some growing thunderheads to the west threatened rain at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore. If the sun was shining, it was warm, but if the clouds covered its power, a cold wind chilled the ground. It would seem that this chill was too much for one anole (Anolis carolinensis), which lay dead and crispy on the leaflitter underneath an Ilex vomitoria plant. I stumbled upon the grim spectacle at the same time as a large, 1.3-meter black racer (Coluber constrictor) noticed the fried lizard. Of course, I noticed the snake before I even realized that it was eyeing up frosty leftovers. I started snapping pictures immediately and documented the whole process from mouth to stomach. Apparently, racers are not above scavenging.
Coluber constrictor at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.
Coluber constrictor at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.
Coluber constrictor at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.
I noticed an elderly lady walking her pug down the boardwalk as I crouched, observing the process. I motioned for her to approach slowly but it was too late. The snake moved off into the shrubbery and she couldn't see it in the shadows of the Ilex. Farther along the boardwalk I met her husband. He was a little more enthusiastic about the prospect of seeing a snake than his wife and I took him over to where I'd spotted it before. Of course, it was long gone.
Anyways, the purpose of this stroll was to birdwatch so I'll cut to the chase.
Mergus serrator - A few red-breasted mergansers were fishing in Big Lagoon, on the north side of the island.
Some tracks in the dunes may indicate the presence of the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus).
Gavia immer - There were a couple common loons in Big Lagoon and one flew overhead on the Gulf side.
There was a possible Podiceps (grebe) on the Gulf but I only got one fleeting glimpse before it dove and I never saw it resurface.
Pelecanus occidentalis - Several brown pelicans flew casually over the island.
Ardea herodias - A several great blue herons were spotted either fishing in the shallows of Big Lagoon, strolling among fishermen on the Gulf side, or resting among the dunes. One even walked across the road in front of me, apparently unafraid of my vehicle.
Charadrius nivosus - It was a little challenging for me to identify this one. At first I thought it was a semipalmated plover (C. semipalmatus) but the head patterns weren't quite lining up. Then I noticed the breastband wasn't complete and I knew it couldn't be the semipalmated. I think this may be my first personally confirmed record of the snowy plover.
Tringa semipalmata - The willet is always present at any beach on the Gulf, or so it would seem. I spotted several of them but I know I ignored at least a few others.
Arenaria interpres - One ruddy turnstone was chasing waves on the Gulf side.
Calidris alba - I know for sure that at least half a dozen of these birds were on the Lagoon side but I didn't take the time to identify every little sandpiper or peep that I came across. There could be other species present.
There were certainly many gulls around, probably Leucophaeus atricilla (laughing gull), but I didn't focus on gulls.
Thalasseus maximus - A flock of about half a dozen royal terns flew overhead, following the shoreline on the Lagoon side.
Columba livia - One rock pigeon near the public beach access.


Mimus polyglottos - A common sight anywhere in Florida, I spotted at least a few northern mockingbirds at the shrubby, west-end of the park.
Setophaga coronata - Yellow-rumped warblers are common in most Florida habitats. I identified a couple of them for certain, though there were likely many more.
Melospiza melodia - A pair of song sparrows were in the shrubbery in the dunes. I saw other sparrows as well but I couldn't identify them with certainty.

Setophaga coronata at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Ardea herodias at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Ardea herodias at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Orthoptera at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Calidris alba at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Calidris alba at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Tringa semipalmata at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Tringa semipalmata at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Calidris alba and Tringa semipalmata at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Tringa semipalmata at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Calidris alba and Tringa semipalmata at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore. The smaller bird was trying to steal the larger's worm snack.

Tringa semipalmata at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Tringa semipalmata at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Danaus plexippus at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Tringa semipalmata at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Calidris alba at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Danaus plexippus at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Gavia immer at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Tringa semipalmata at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Tringa semipalmata at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Tringa semipalmata at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Ardea herodias at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Tringa semipalmata at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Danaus plexippus at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Danaus plexippus at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Tringa semipalmata at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Tringa semipalmata at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Ocypodinae at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Dead Brachyura at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Charadrius nivosus at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

Arenaria interpres at Johnson Beach, Gulf Islands National Seashore.

PHOTO(S) OF THE... UM... YEAR: Amphiuma means


So I had this crazy idea and I don't know why, but here's a post on one of my old blogs. I guess I could have put this one on my new blog but, hey! I think I'm going to resurrect some of these other blogs and this is a great one to get back into it.
Went herping with another professor at the college where I teach yesterday. Actually, our purpose was to set some live traps for his zoology class. He was borrowing my minnow traps. Since last week, I feel like everyone wants my minnow traps. Actually, I find myself catapulted into popularity among the biology department. Everyone is asking, what's my secret? Lifetime herpers are wondering, how'd I pull a stunt like that? Everyone loves me. I can't go into the woods anymore without the biology paparazzi thronging to every stone I overturn. Nigel Marven called me the other day and asked for an autograph. David Attenborough asked me to join him for tea.
But I exaggerate.
It all started on Friday, November 6. A pair of great horned owls were singing over the ponds at West Campus on the shores of Perdido Bay. Like many Fridays, I chucked my minnow trap into the cold glassy waters and watched it sink into the dark. A beaver slapped its tail. 
And then I bought a pizza and took my sister to the wharf, but that's another story.
Bright and early the next morning I drove out to the pond alone. At 6am, the roads were shrouded in fog and I pulled my sweater up around my neck and my hat down over my ears. I bounced my minivan off the road through the grass to were my trap was set. I jumped out and sleepily pulled it from the water. I was both excited and intrigued when I saw the large, eel-like creature inside. Several things crossed my mind: snake, eel, salamander? It was, indeed, a salamander, but far from average. At almost two feet long, the Amphiuma is among the largest of the aquatic salamanders. And its legs are so small that it moves more like a snake than a salamander, especially on land.
Funny thing about amphiumas. Some have three toes, some have two, and a few have just one on each foot. This one had two. That makes it Amphiuma means, the two-toed amphiuma.
A not so funny thing about amphiumas. They can bite cruelly. Lock their little teeth into the skin and then twist. Usually peals the skin right off and stitches are in order. But I didn't know that at the time so I handled it liberally. Thankfully, I was never bitten. Only coated in the slime the amphiuma exudes from its body.
Finding an amphiuma to a herper is like finding sasquatch to an anthropologist. We think of them often, but we don't really take the thought seriously. But there it was, real as life, in my minnow trap. I took it out and put it in a bucket (along with a sunfish I'd caught in the same trap). After texting and calling everyone I could think of, sending pictures and bragging disproportionately, I released it back were I found it. What a profound feeling. Releasing a dream after only fifteen minutes of contact. Like baling liquid gold out of a sinking ship.
So back to yesterday, I've got high hopes that we'll have something in my traps. But first, I have to take this call from Jeff Corwin. I'll probably set the traps next weekend if you want to come. As long as you don't mind Austin Stevens coming along for the ride. If you come looking for me, I'll be in the center of the crowd, were all the lights are flashing. Get my good side.





PHOTO OF THE WEEK: Sue

Yes, this is Sue, the largest Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton ever discovered. After the FBI had snatched the fossils from the commercial fossil hunters who found them, there was actually quite the battle over where Sue would wind up in the end. After a lengthly auction, the skeleton sold for about $8 million. To the Chicago Field Museum. I happened to be there on May 31st of this year (2014). Needless to say, I was ecstatic to see the fossil legend and quickly took about two dozen pictures of her bones. She looks big next to the folks standing around, and she is. At over 12 meters long (about 40 feet), she was larger than just about anything else in her environment. She could have eaten every one of those guys whole. Sue's bones are riddled with evidence of serious injuries that she lived with for a good portion of her life. It's evidence for an active, violent lifestyle for theropod dinosaurs, something I've posted on before. I'll be in Chicago again this coming weekend so maybe I'll have another chance to meet Sue then.

PHOTO OF THE WEEK: Brown-headed Cowbird

Do you notice anything wrong with this picture? I was walking to dinner yesterday (June 17th, 2014) on the campus of the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana when I happened upon this fascinating scene. A chipping sparrow (Spizella passerina) bounced up to a chirping, young icterid (blackbird family). As the young bird increased its excited begging, the sparrow dropped a morsel down its throat. Of course, by then I knew exactly what was going on. The brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) is a parasite!
A female brown-headed cowbird can lay over 30 eggs a spring but most of these will never develop. While many eggs are rejected by the host birds, other young cowbirds are left to die after they hatch as the victim parents discover the truth about their youngster. Cowbirds don't always pick the right nest, either. If the host bird is a fruit eater, the baby cowbird can't get the protein it needs to develop and survive. Yes, life is hard as a cowbird. To help with this, cowbirds make life very difficult for bird families that won't "adopt" their babies. If an egg or young cowbird is rejected from a nest, the cowbird parent will terrorize the nest, often killing the natural young inside or destroying the nest altogether. In the case I photographed above, it appears as if the only surviving youngster in the family was the cowbird.
The bird gets its name from its previous way of life in the midwest and great plains; following the great herds of bison (Bison bison). Although the bison herds are largely dissipated, the cowbird has found living in suburban areas suitable. You've got to respect a bird that has adapted to a lifestyle among the causers of the disappearance of its previous way of life.
I had to wait about 15 minutes under the tree before the sparrow returned once again to feed the cowbird chick and I was able to get this photo. Although many people work against cowbirds to try to eradicate them, I appreciate the cowbird's way of life as a natural part of a cursed world. It's just like predation: it's not pretty, but it is a natural part of life (and death). And besides, the thinning of the species actually increases the amount of parasitism that takes place because cowbirds do not desert as many parasitized nests when populations are low (see reference below).

Reference:

Hall, Ackert. 2008. “Cowbird Removals Unexpectedly Increase Productivity.” Ecological Applications. 18(2):537–48. Retrieved June 18, 2014 from http://www.k-state.edu/bsanderc/2008ecolappl.pdf


PHOTO OF THE WEEK: Crater Lake National Park


Crater Lake, in southwest Oregon, is well known for its shockingly blue waters. I was there to take this picture on June 8th of 2013, just as the snow was finishing its melt. Although the lake certainly looks like a crater, it wasn't formed by any extraterrestrial impact. Rather, this is the sunken hole that was once the top of a 3,400 meter high mountain. Now, all that remains is a caldera about 1,200 meters deep. The lake itself, at 592 meters, is in fact the deepest lake in the United States, with crystal clear waters reaching down toward the ancient volcanoes core.
So what happened? It seems that, following the global flood of Noah's days, the mountain began to grow in the continental unrest of the time. The continents were brand new and hadn't yet recovered from the their catastrophic division. During the Ice Age, glaciers dominated the area. However, pyroclastic lava flows issued from the growing dome and added to its flanks. As the earth started to warm and the climate became more stable, Mount Mazama grew less stable. Humans had colonized North America by this time, likely having come over the bearing straight on ice sheets during the Ice Age, they witnessed the earth-shattering explosion as Mazama blew its top -- literally. As nearly 1,700,000 square kilometres of North America darkened in an expanding blanket of ash, the local Klamath nation could only imagine that it was the result of some battle of the gods.
However, this is no home to some Llao god of the underworld but a testament to the power of the one true God. What the Klamath thought was a great struggle between good and evil (Skell and Llao) was only a fading reminder of the judgment of a single righteous God on mankind for their wickedness. How quickly we forget.

PHOTO OF THE WEEK: Spangled Cotinga


The spangled cotinga (Cotinga cayana) is a colourful bird from the Amazon River Basin. They primarily eat fruit like all members of the remarkably colourful Cotingidae. I photographed this one at the Calgary Zoo in late August of 2010. The bright blue plumage and purple throat are characteristic of males of this species. Females are a dull grey.